Frederick County Public Schools

Administrative Efficiency Audit Dashboard

Data: VDOE Superintendent's Annual Report & County Budgets | FY2020-FY2024

Key Metrics (FY2024)

Enrollment (ADM)
14,121
+2.8% from FY2020
Admin Efficiency Rank
#1 Best
Among 6 peer divisions
Per-Pupil Spending
$15,734
10.8% below state avg ($17,636)
Students per Admin
580
Highest among peers (most efficient)
Admin Positions
24.4
1.26% of total staff
Teaching Positions
1,154
+3.1% from FY2020
K-7 Class Size
13.9:1 Above Avg
State avg: 12.4:1 (+12% larger)
8-12 Class Size
12.3:1
At state average (12.3:1)

Audit Findings

No Over-Administration Detected
Admin ratio (1.26%) is well below the 10% warning threshold. Frederick County has the leanest administration among all peer districts.
Admin Growth Proportional
Admin positions grew 4.8% while enrollment grew 2.8% (1.7x ratio). This is below the 2.0x warning threshold.
i
School Budget Share Declining
Schools' share of county budget decreased from 60.8% (FY2020) to 57.0% (FY2025), despite absolute funding increases.
i
Below-State Spending
Per-pupil spending ($15,734) is 10.8% below state average ($17,636). This may reflect regional cost differences or resource constraints.
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Larger Elementary Class Sizes
K-7 pupil-teacher ratio (13.85:1) is 12% higher than state average (12.37:1). This means ~1.5 more students per teacher in elementary grades.

Expenditure Growth Analysis

Important Context on Growth Rates

Total expenditures grew 24% from FY2020-FY2024 while enrollment grew only 2.8%. This does NOT necessarily indicate inefficiency. Consider:

  • Official Inflation (BLS CPI): ~19% cumulative 2020-2024 (bls.gov/cpi)
  • Truflation: ~19-20% cumulative - real-time independent index (truflation.com)
  • Chapwood Index: ~41% cumulative - tracks 500 items in 50 cities (chapwoodindex.com)
  • Teacher salaries: Increased 15.1% ($57,724 to $66,441) (VDOE Table 19)
  • Still below state average: Frederick spends 10.8% less per-pupil than Virginia average (VDOE Table 15)

Key Insight: Using official CPI, expenditure growth (24%) slightly exceeds inflation (19%). Using the Chapwood Index (41%), expenditures have actually fallen behind real-world cost increases. The "true" inflation rate is debated - we show all three measures for transparency.

Spending vs Enrollment Growth (Indexed to FY2020 = 100)

Growth Rate Comparison

Peer Division Comparison (FY2024)

Administrative Efficiency (Admin per 1,000 Students)

Lower is better - fewer administrators per student

Per-Pupil Spending Comparison

Students per Administrator

Higher is better - more students served per administrator

Funding Source Mix

Detailed Peer Comparison

Division Enrollment Per-Pupil $ Admin Positions Teachers Admin/1000 Students/Admin
Frederick County 14,121 $15,734 24.4 1,154 1.73 579.7
Fauquier County 10,658 $16,351 32.5 943 3.05 327.9
Warren County 4,984 $15,042 15.3 444 3.07 325.8
Shenandoah County 5,495 $16,081 24.5 465 4.46 224.3
Loudoun County 81,274 $21,183 380.0 7,000 4.68 213.9
Clarke County 1,885 $15,165 12.4 170 6.57 152.3
Virginia State Avg - $17,636 - - - -

Pupil-Teacher Ratios (Class Size Indicator)

Key Finding: Larger Elementary Class Sizes

Frederick County's K-7 pupil-teacher ratio (13.85:1) is 12% higher than the state average (12.37:1). This means elementary classes have approximately 1.5 more students per teacher than the typical Virginia school division. Secondary ratios (8-12) are at the state average.

K-7 (Elementary) Pupil-Teacher Ratio

Lower ratio = smaller class sizes (better for students)

8-12 (Secondary) Pupil-Teacher Ratio

Lower ratio = smaller class sizes (better for students)

Frederick County Pupil-Teacher Ratio Trend (5-Year)

Ratio vs State Average Over Time

Pupil-Teacher Ratios by Division (FY2023-24)

Division K-7 Ratio vs State 8-12 Ratio vs State
Frederick County 13.85 +1.48 12.29 -0.02
Loudoun County 13.39 +1.02 11.25 -1.06
Warren County 12.49 +0.12 10.73 -1.58
Fauquier County 11.99 -0.38 11.33 -0.98
Clarke County 11.95 -0.42 11.63 -0.68
Shenandoah County 11.00 -1.37 14.67 +2.36
Virginia State Avg 12.37 - 12.31 -

Note: Ratios are students per classroom teacher position. Lower = smaller class sizes. K-7 includes grades K through 7th; 8-12 includes grades 8th through 12th.

5-Year Trends (Frederick County)

Enrollment & Staffing Trends

Expenditure Trends

Admin Positions Over Time

Average Teacher Salary

County Budget Allocation to Schools

School Funding from County ($ Millions)

Schools as % of Total County Budget

Data Sources & Methodology

Primary Data Sources

Source Data Used Years URL
VDOE Table 8 Average Daily Membership (ADM), Average Daily Attendance (ADA), attendance rates by division 2019-20 to 2024-25 VDOE SAR
VDOE Table 15 Total expenditures, per-pupil spending, funding breakdown (local, state, federal, sales tax) 2019-20 to 2023-24 VDOE SAR
VDOE Table 17 Pupil-to-classroom-teacher ratios for K-7 (elementary) and 8-12 (secondary) 2019-20 to 2023-24 VDOE SAR
VDOE Table 18 Administrative, technical/clerical, and support staff positions by function (instruction, admin, tech, transportation, operations, facilities) 2019-20 to 2023-24 VDOE SAR
VDOE Table 19 Principal, assistant principal, teacher, and aide positions with average salaries 2019-20 to 2023-24 VDOE SAR
Frederick County Budget Annual county budget documents showing transfers to school operating, debt, and capital funds FY2020 to FY2025 FCVA Budget

Methodology & Definitions

Division Selection

Target: Frederick County Public Schools (Division Code: 069)
Peer Districts: Selected based on geographic proximity and similar characteristics:

  • Clarke County (043) - Small neighboring rural district
  • Fauquier County (061) - Similar rural/suburban mix, comparable size
  • Shenandoah County (171) - Neighboring Shenandoah Valley district
  • Warren County (187) - Adjacent district, similar demographics
  • Loudoun County (107) - Larger neighbor, included for regional context

Administrative Staff Definition

"Admin Positions" refers to the "Administrative" column in VDOE Table 18, which includes administrators across all functional areas: Instruction, Administration/Attendance/Health, Technology, Transportation, Operations/Maintenance, and Facilities. This is a narrower definition than "central office staff" and does not include principals (who are in Table 19).

Pupil-Teacher Ratio

Per VDOE Table 17, this is the ratio of Average Daily Membership (ADM) to classroom teaching positions. Teaching positions include classroom teachers, homebound teachers, media specialists, and technology instructional teachers. K-7 covers elementary grades (Kindergarten through 7th). 8-12 covers secondary grades (8th through 12th). This is NOT the same as actual class size, which may be smaller due to co-teaching, resource teachers, etc.

Fiscal Year Convention

School fiscal years run July 1 - June 30. "FY2024" or "2023-24" refers to July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024. County fiscal years follow the same convention.

Estimates & Limitations

Inflation Reference (ESTIMATE)

The "US Inflation (CPI)" line shown in the growth chart uses approximate values based on Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index data. The figures used (FY2020=100, FY2021=101.2, FY2022=108.0, FY2023=114.6, FY2024=119.8) are estimates representing roughly 20% cumulative inflation from 2020-2024. For precise figures, consult:

Note: The Chapwood Index typically reports higher inflation rates than official CPI, suggesting actual cost-of-living increases may exceed the ~20% estimate used here. This would make the 24% expenditure growth appear more reasonable relative to true inflation.

Data Gaps

  • FY2024-25 Expenditure Data: Not yet released by VDOE (typically available 6-12 months after fiscal year ends)
  • FCPS Budgets FY2020-FY2022: Detailed school budget documents not available online for these years; VDOE data used instead
  • Function-Level Spending: VDOE Table 15 shows funding SOURCE (local/state/federal) not FUNCTION (instruction/admin). Function breakdown requires APA or NCES data.

What This Analysis Does NOT Include

  • Student outcome data (test scores, graduation rates, etc.)
  • School-level budget breakdowns (only division-level totals)
  • Actual class sizes (ratios are based on total positions, not classroom assignments)
  • Benefits costs or total compensation analysis
  • Capital expenditures analysis (focus is on operating budgets)

Raw Data Access

All processed data files are available in the project repository:

  • data/processed/vdoe/table8_enrollment.json - Enrollment data
  • data/processed/vdoe/table15_expenditures.json - Expenditure data
  • data/processed/vdoe/table17_ratios.json - Pupil-teacher ratios
  • data/processed/vdoe/table18_admin_personnel.json - Admin staff data
  • data/processed/vdoe/table19_instructional.json - Teacher/principal data
  • data/processed/county_budget_schools.json - County budget appropriations
  • data/analysis/fcps_audit_report.json - Calculated metrics and findings

Original source files (Excel, PDF) are preserved in data/raw/ directories.