Frederick County Government

Fiscal Efficiency Audit Dashboard

Data: Frederick County Annual Budget Documents | FY2020-FY2025

Key Metrics (FY2025)

Total Budget (All Funds)
$492.9M
+43.5% from FY2020 ($343.4M)
General Fund
$255.9M
+29.5% from FY2020 ($197.5M)
Per Capita Spending
$5,300
Population ~93,000
Admin % of Gen Fund
7.7%
FY2024: $18.5M of $239.5M
Public Safety
23.6%
$56.4M (FY2024 General Fund)
School Transfer
$130.1M
51% of General Fund (FY2025)
County Employees (FT)
657
General Fund positions (FY2024)
Real Estate Tax Rate
$0.51
Per $100 assessed value

Audit Findings

!
Budget Growth Exceeds Inflation
Total budget grew 43.5% (FY2020-FY2025) while BLS CPI inflation was ~19%. Even using Chapwood Index (~41%), growth slightly exceeds real-world inflation.
Reasonable Admin Overhead
General government administration at 7.7% of General Fund is within typical range for Virginia counties (5-12%).
i
School Share Declining
School funding as % of total budget decreased from 57.2% (FY2020) to 55.0% (FY2025), though absolute funding increased 30%.
i
Public Safety Growth
Public safety spending grew from $41.1M to $56.4M (37.4%) - slightly below overall budget growth of 43.5%.
Tax Rate Reduced
Real estate tax rate decreased from $0.56 to $0.51 per $100 (9% reduction) while maintaining service levels, offset by property value growth.
!
Personnel Growth
General Fund FT positions grew from 620 (FY2022) to 657 (FY2024) - 6% increase in 2 years. Part-time grew from 302 to 410 (36% increase).

Budget Growth vs. Inflation Analysis

Understanding the Inflation Comparison

We compare budget growth against three inflation measures to provide perspective: BLS CPI-U (official government measure, ~19% cumulative 2020-2024), Truflation (real-time blockchain-based index, ~19-20%), and Chapwood Index (measures actual cost of 500 items in major cities, ~41% cumulative). The truth likely lies somewhere in between these measures.

Total Budget Growth vs. Inflation (Indexed to FY2020 = 100)

Total Budget
General Fund
BLS CPI-U
Truflation
Chapwood Index

Real Growth (Budget Growth Minus Inflation)

Expenditure Breakdown (FY2025 Adopted)

All Funds by Category

General Fund by Function (FY2024)

Expenditure Trends by Category

Major Categories Over Time (Adopted Budget, $ Millions)

Category Growth Rates (FY2020-FY2025)

School Funding Analysis

County Transfers to Schools

School Funding as % of Total Budget

School Funding Context

While the school share of total budget has declined slightly (57.2% to 55.0%), absolute funding increased from $196.2M to $271.0M (+38.2%). The county's General Fund transfer to school operating increased from $86.4M to $109.0M (+26.1%). School debt service and capital transfers have remained relatively flat.

Personnel Analysis

Full-Time Positions by Category (FY2022-FY2024)

Public Safety Personnel

Personnel Summary (Budgeted Positions)

Category FY2022 FY2023 FY2024 Change
General Fund (FT) 620 637 657 +37 (+6.0%)
General Fund (PT) 302 402 410 +108 (+35.8%)
School Funds (FT) 2,387 2,453 2,473 +86 (+3.6%)
All Funds (FT) 3,278 3,363 3,404 +126 (+3.8%)
Sheriff 157.5 157.5 164.5 +7 (+4.4%)
Fire & Rescue 153.5 161.5 169.5 +16 (+10.4%)
Regional Jail 213 213 213 0 (0%)

Department-Level Analysis

Granular Budget Data

This section provides detailed expenditure and personnel data at the individual department level, extracted from Frederick County's comprehensive annual budget documents. Data shows Personnel costs, Operating expenses, and Capital expenditures for each department.

Top 15 Departments by Total Expenditure (FY2025)

Personnel Growth by Department (FY2022-FY2026)

Public Safety Spending Breakdown (FY2025)

Fire & Rescue vs Sheriff Staffing Trend

General Fund Expenditures by Department (FY2025 Adopted) - $256.3M Total

Category / Department Personnel Operating Capital Total % of GF
Transfers & Non-Departmental (54.3%)
Transfer to School Operating - $109,016,000 - $109,016,000 42.5%
Transfer to School Debt Service - $20,460,000 - $20,460,000 8.0%
Transfer to School Capital - $4,000,000 - $4,000,000 1.6%
Debt Service, Contingency, Reserves - $5,713,000 - $5,713,000 2.2%
Subtotal Transfers - $139,189,000 - $139,189,000 54.3%
Public Safety (19.5%)
Fire and Rescue $21,751,000 $2,206,000 $251,000 $24,209,000 9.4%
Sheriff $18,977,000 $2,784,000 $885,000 $22,646,000 8.8%
Public Safety Communications $1,964,000 $657,000 $124,000 $2,745,000 1.1%
Inspections $1,587,000 $91,000 $3,000 $1,681,000 0.7%
Subtotal Public Safety $44,279,000 $5,738,000 $1,263,000 $51,281,000 20.0%
Health & Welfare (5.4%)
Social Services (Admin) $8,764,000 $602,000 $296,000 $9,662,000 3.8%
Public Assistance Programs - $2,100,000 - $2,100,000 0.8%
Health Dept & Other - $2,000,000 - $2,000,000 0.8%
Subtotal Health & Welfare $8,764,000 $4,702,000 $296,000 $13,762,000 5.4%
General Government Administration (7.7%)
Information Technology $1,352,000 $472,000 $1,024,000 $2,849,000 1.1%
Treasurer $1,590,000 $674,000 $1,000 $2,266,000 0.9%
Commissioner of Revenue $1,966,000 $119,000 $6,000 $2,091,000 0.8%
County Office Buildings - $1,880,000 $3,000 $1,882,000 0.7%
Finance $1,288,000 $35,000 - $1,323,000 0.5%
County Administrator $1,144,000 $47,000 - $1,191,000 0.5%
Human Resources $736,000 $426,000 $5,000 $1,167,000 0.5%
Other Admin Departments $2,500,000 $4,500,000 $30,000 $7,030,000 2.7%
Subtotal Administration $10,576,000 $8,153,000 $1,069,000 $19,799,000 7.7%
Parks, Recreation & Cultural (4.0%)
Recreation Centers $3,372,000 $1,020,000 - $4,392,000 1.7%
Parks (Admin + Sites) $2,500,000 $1,600,000 $200,000 $4,300,000 1.7%
Regional Library - $1,500,000 - $1,500,000 0.6%
Subtotal Parks/Rec/Cultural $5,872,000 $4,120,000 $200,000 $10,192,000 4.0%
Other (9.1%)
Judicial Administration $3,400,000 $500,000 $30,000 $3,930,000 1.5%
Public Works $2,300,000 $4,600,000 $250,000 $7,150,000 2.8%
Community Development $1,500,000 $600,000 - $2,100,000 0.8%
Miscellaneous & Other $3,600,000 $6,300,000 $100,000 $10,000,000 3.9%
Subtotal Other $10,800,000 $12,000,000 $380,000 $23,180,000 9.0%
GENERAL FUND TOTAL $80,291,000 $173,902,000 $3,208,000 $256,303,000 100.0%

Other Funds (Outside General Fund)

Fund Personnel Operating Capital Total
Regional Jail $22,067,000 $7,169,000 $180,000 $29,416,000
Landfill (Enterprise) $2,986,000 $4,573,000 $4,284,000 $11,843,000
Regional Airport $1,123,000 $1,967,000 $92,000 $3,182,000
EMS Revenue Recovery $200,000 $2,400,000 $200,000 $2,800,000
Other Special Revenue Funds $1,200,000 $2,500,000 $300,000 $4,000,000
Total Other Funds $27,576,000 $18,609,000 $5,056,000 $51,241,000

Personnel by Department (Full-Time Positions)

Department FY2022 FY2023 FY2024 FY2025 FY2026 4-Year Change
Fire and Rescue 153.5 161.5 169.5 185.5 193.5 +40 (+26.1%)
Sheriff 157.5 157.5 164.5 168.5 171.5 +14 (+8.9%)
Social Services 83.0 84.0 87.0 90.0 88.0 +5 (+6.0%)
Parks and Recreation 42.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 43.0 +1 (+2.4%)
COR/Reassessment 24.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 +1 (+4.2%)
Public Safety Communications 17.0 19.0 20.0 22.0 22.0 +5 (+29.4%)
Commonwealth Attorney 16.0 16.0 17.0 18.0 18.0 +2 (+12.5%)
Inspections 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 17.0 0 (0%)
IT/MIS 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 0 (0%)
Planning and Development 11.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 +1 (+9.1%)
Maintenance 10.0 10.0 11.0 11.0 11.0 +1 (+10.0%)
Regional Jail 213.0 213.0 213.0 215.0 219.0 +6 (+2.8%)
General Fund Total (FT) 620 637 657 681 695 +75 (+12.1%)

Tax Rates

Real Estate Tax Rate (per $100 assessed value)

Personal Property Tax Rate (per $100)

Per Capita Analysis

Per Capita Spending by Category (FY2024, Population ~93,000)

Category Amount Per Capita % of General Fund
General Fund Total $239.5M $2,575 100%
Public Safety $56.4M $607 23.6%
General Gov't Admin $18.5M $199 7.7%
Health & Welfare $12.9M $139 5.4%
Parks & Recreation $10.0M $107 4.2%
Public Works $7.3M $79 3.1%
Judicial Admin $3.7M $40 1.5%
Community Development $2.6M $28 1.1%
Transfer to Schools $122.1M $1,313 51.0%

Data Sources & Methodology

Primary Data Sources

Source Data Years
Frederick County Budget Documents Annual adopted budgets, expenditures by category, personnel counts FY2020-FY2026
Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index (CPI-U) 2020-2024
Truflation Real-time inflation index 2020-2024
Chapwood Index Alternative inflation measure (500 items) 2020-2024

Methodology Notes

  • All dollar figures are from adopted budgets unless noted as "actual"
  • Population estimate of 93,000 used for per-capita calculations (2024 estimate)
  • Personnel counts are budgeted FTE positions, not actual headcount
  • Inflation indices are cumulative from January 2020 baseline
  • "All Funds" includes General Fund, School Funds, Enterprise Funds (Landfill), and Special Revenue Funds